DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR A HOTEL INDUSTRY
(A CASE STUDY OF MODOTEL HOTEL, OKPARA AVENUE ENUGU)
ABSTRACT
          The importance of financial accounting is gradually being recognized as germane to prudent management of any business firm.  This has necessitated the need for the computerization of structured operations of the financial managers structured operations are known with certainly for instance, the computation and decisions based on financial ratios.
          This project therefore is a case study of Modotel Hotel.  It describes the computerization of the financial accounting of the hotel as packaged for its clients.  Thus this study gives detailed methods for the development of an optimal financial database for hotel industry as well as the software required for the computation and tabulation of different financial ratios.
  ORGANIZATION OF WORK
          This work is sub-divided into seven chapters, starting with chapter one, chapter one shows the Problem and its Setting; Purpose of study, Aims and Objectives, Scope and Limitation, Assumptions and Definition of Terms.
          The second chapter deals with literature review.  Third chapter was concerned with description and analysis of existing system.
          Chapter four was concerned with the design of the new system, system specification and information requirement of new system.
          Chapter five deals with implementation of the system, sixth chapter deals with documentation, which is more or less, like a manual for the program.
          Finally, the seventh chapter dealt summary, conclusion and recommendations.
          The project work also has references for further study.
  TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0            Introduction
1.1     statement of problem
1.2            Aims and objectives
1.3            Delimitation of scope
1.4            Limitation
1.5            Assumption
1.6            Definition of terms
 CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
 CHAPTER THREE
3.0     Description and Analysis of the Existing System
3.1            Fact finding methods
3.2            Organizational structure
3.3            Objectives of the existing system
3.4            Input, process and output analysis
3.5            Information flow diagram
3.6            Problem of the existing system
3.7            Justification for the new system
 CHAPTER FOUR
4.0            Design of the new system
4.1     Output specification and design
4.2            Input specification and design
4.3            File design
4.4            System flowchart
4.5            Procedure chart
4.6            System requirements
 CHAPTER FIVE
5.0            Implementation
5.1     Program Design
5.2            Program flow chart
5.3            Pseudo codes
5.4            Source program
5.5            Test run
 CHAPTER SIX
6.0            Documentation
 CHAPTER SEVEN
Recommendation and conclusion
Reference
  CHAPTER ONE
 INTRODUCTION
          Finance is the life wire of any business organization.  It is required for the execution of production, sales and administration of a business operation.  As a discipline, finance is concerned with the acquisition and administration of the use of the firms’ funds as well as profit planning and control financial analysis is inevitable for the effective planning and control of any firm.
          To effectively plan for the future, the financial manager should be able to assess the financial position of the firm and relates this to its confronting investment opportunities.  Since funds are scarce, financial analysis helps the financial manager to assess the returns on investment accruing from ploughing the firms’ assets and thereby efficiently allocating resources.
          However, financial accounting is the employment of the firm’s balance sheet and income statement to establish some relationship between one figure and another in order to highlight the strengths and weakness of the concerned business.  The balance sheet of a firm is also called the financial position because it shows the position of the business in monetary term at a given point in time while the income statement show how the position depicted by the balance sheet has been attained.  The results of financial analysis are normally expressed as financial ratios, which could be broadly classified as liquidity, leverage, activity and profit ratio.  The suppliers of the firm’s funds and the investing public are usually interested in these ratios.  But the nature of interest expressed on the firm determines the ratios to be emphasized by each concerned parts.  This implies that different people emphasize on different ratios and as a result financial analysis means different thing to different people.
          For instance, creditors are interested on those ratios, which measure the ability of the form to service their debts and pay the principal as and when due while the equity owners are interested on the profitability ratios.  The financial manager occupies a unique position in the firm as he should be able to computer interpret and explain these ratios to various interest groups in the firm when the firm requires funds from outside sources, the financial manager should be able to use the relevant ratio to convince investors to supply their funds.  Also the financial manager should be able to justify the reasonableness of some investment or project being under taken by management before the shareholders.
          However, the cost involved in the employment of a financial manager makes it mandatory for small-scale companies to engage the services of a financial consultant. The increased use of high-speed computers in various facets of business should popularize the use of financial ratios in business decision.  This is because computer would provide the necessary equipment to handle problems associated with voluminous maze of financial data due to lack of time or more.
          This study therefore, aims at the development of a database for financial statements and a set of programs to computer, store and retrieve various financial ratios for some companies.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
          The Nigeria Company Act of 1968 stipulate that all registered companies in Nigeria should file their audited annual balance sheet this will guide the investors in the development of the funds and to provide basis for company taxation.  But there are some problems facing the financial accounting of any hotel.  These problems includes:-
1.                 Illegal use of money cards – some managers has taken the privilege of using both credit and debit cards to steal companies money and some do not know how to use this cards thereby causing problems to the hotels.
2.                 One of the major loopholes of an un-computerized financial accounting system is its ability to fraud a company.  This poses a problem to the management of a hotel.
3.                 Some companies employ inexperienced managers who are not professionals in the field of computing and this will restrict the objectives of the computerized system to a certain limit.
4.                 Insufficient fund- to set up a complete computerized financial accounting system requires a huge amount of money.  Some hotels find it difficult to afford or cannot afford it.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.                 The use of password and other security measures enable a company to prevent unauthorized user of the files.
2.                 The use of money cards by some customers will act as a security measure against armed robbers and other inconveniences ca-use by the bulkiness of their money.
3.                 Information can be stored for future use and can also be retrieved at an electronic speed.  This will prevent the time wasting while using the manual files.
4.                 The computer has been proved without any doubt to be far more accurate than either any know person or any previous machine performing mechanical operation with data.
5.                 Computer works at incredible high speed.  It performs millions of calculations, sort and combines information in different ways within a second.
 DELIMITATION OF STUDY
          This study is focused on Modotel, one of the prominent hotels in Enugu, owned by private individual.  It has been chosen as case study because it is expected that given it size, modernity and its promoters.  It will satisfy our data need.  In examining the management of the hotel, this project is limited to the financial aspect of the management.